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Hatshepsut and Nefertiti : a study of two Egyptian queens
Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Stellenbosch, 1996.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | en_ZA |
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2012
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| _version_ | 1867614136383307777 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Kirchner, Geraldene |
| author2 | Cornelius, I. |
| author_browse | Cornelius, I. Kirchner, Geraldene |
| author_facet | Cornelius, I. Kirchner, Geraldene |
| author_sort | Kirchner, Geraldene |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Stellenbosch, 1996. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/55132 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | en_ZA |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:47:14.760Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publishDateRange | 2012 |
| publishDateSort | 2012 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/55132 Hatshepsut and Nefertiti : a study of two Egyptian queens Kirchner, Geraldene Cornelius, I. Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of Ancient Studies. Hatshepsut, -- Queen of Egypt Nefertiti, -- Queen of Egypt, -- 14th cent. B.C Queens -- Egypt -- History Egypt -- History -- Eighteenth dynasty, ca. 1570-1320 B.C Dissertations -- Ancient Near Eastern Studies UCTD Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Stellenbosch, 1996. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study attempts to answer the question how and why Hatshepsut and Nefertiti attained pharaonic prominence in a mainly patriarchal society. It follows a cultural-anthropological approach through an assessment of the interrelatedness of aspects such as religion, state organization, social life etc. It aims at studying the history and culture of the mid - Eighteenth Dynasty from different angles: from archaeological artefacts, iconography, etc. The aforesaid has enabled me to find startling similarities in the manner how the two queens attained pharaonic prominence which again are juxtaposed by reasons proffered as to why they achieved these elevated positions. In finding answers to the questions raised, I attempted to refrain from making sweeping general conclusions from limited evidence, especially in Nefertiti's case. Both Hatshepsut and Nefertiti attained pharaonic prominence with the support of important male members in the government. Both queens are also characterized by a strength in character. After the death of her father and husband in a short space of time, Hatshepsut ascended the throne as a form of "defence mechanism" to ensure dynastic succession and property continuity in the light of an apparent unavailability of eligible royal males in the consanguineal clan. Nefertiti displayed a similar strength in character when she moved from Thebes to the unknown to found a new capital city with Akhenaten. A manipulation of the economic system by both queens should not be negated. Hatshepsut as fountainhead of the state controlled the Treasury, placated the officialdom and secured a smooth transference of kingship to her after seven years in her co - regency with Thutmose III. Money paid to officials from the treasury of the Disk, coupled to Nefertiti's queenly influence on Akhenaten, ensured the unusual prominence of Nefertiti at Thebes and Akhetaten. No real evidence has surfaced to prove why Akhenaten acknowledged Nefertiti as co - regent, other that Nefertiti acted as Queen Regnant and enjoyed unsurpassed religious prominence. The aforesaid is aptly emphasize by the following: the 1986 find of the Nefertiti scarab at Ulu Burun that is inscribed with the longer form of Nefertiti's name. The Petrie find of a broken stone stelae inscribed with the two names of Akhenaten, namely the epithet "Beloved" and the longer form of Nefertiti's name "Nefernefruaton" furthermore exemplified a perception of Nefertiti's regal and religious importance. The fact that the name "Nefernefruaton" is preceded in kingly fashion by the name Ankhkeprure, aptly emphasize the aforesaid. As more archaeological data and written evidence accumulate, a more complete picture may arise according to which Nefertiti could be perceived as sole ruler and whether she could be perceived as the impetus to Akhenaten's religious revolution. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie poog om d.m.v. 'n kultuur-antropologiese benadering wat aspekte soos godsdiens, die politieke organisasie, die sosiale organisasie ens., met mekaar in verband bring en te bepaal hoe en waarom Hatshepsut en Nefertete soveel prominensie as farao's in 'n hoofsaaklik patriargale gemeenskap geniet het. Die strewe is om die geskiedenis en kultuur van die middel - Agtiende Dinastie vanuit verskillende hoeke te bestudeer: met behulp van argeologiese artefate, ikonografie, ens. Hiervolgens het ek ooreenkomste ontdek in die manier hoe die koninginne faraostatus bereik het wat kontrasteer met redes wat aangevoer word waarom hulle die hoë status beklee het. In my soeke na antwoorde, het ek vanweë die beperkte beskikbaarheid van inligting t.o.v. Nefertete, gepoog om growwe veralgemenings in my bevindings te vermy. Wat duidelik blyk is dat beide Hatshepsut en Nefertete die steun van amptenare in die staatsdiens geniet het. Seide koninginne toon egter ook sterk karaktereienskappe. Na die dood van Thutmoses I en Thutmoses II het Hatshepsut farao geword in die afwesigheid van hubare koninklike mans in die onmiddellike familieverband wat in staatsake sterk leiding kon neem, om sodoende die dinastieke opvolging en eiendom-voortsetting te beskerm en te verseker. Nefertete het Thebe verlaat om met Akhenaten 'n nuwe hoofstad in die onbekende te vestig. Beide koninginne het op 'n direkte of indirekte wyse die ekonomiese stelsel gemanipuleer. Hatshepsut as staatshoof, het die skatkis beheer en kon amptenare finansieel versorg en sodoende sonder probleem die oorgang van koningskap verwesenlik. Gelde betaalbaar aan amptenare uit die skatkis van die Sonskyf, gekoppel aan Nefertete se invloed op Akhenaten, het Nefertete se ongewone belangrikheid by Thebe en Akhetaten verseker. Geen bronne kan lig werp op die rede waarom Nefertete as mede - regeerder van Akhenaten opgetree het nie. Die 1986 vonds van 'n Nefertete skarabee by Ulu Burun en die gebreekte klipstela - vonds van Petrie toon duidelik Nefertete se politieke en religieuse prominensie. In beide vondse kom die langer vorm van Nefertete se naam naamlik "Nefernefruaton" voor, maar in laasgenoemde geval kom die woord "Geliefde" tesame met die naam Ahkhkeprure en die twee name van Akhenaten voor. Slegs wanneer meer argeologiese materiaal en skriftelike informasie aan die lig koril, sal vasgestel kan word of Nefertete 'n alleenheerser was en of die godsdienstige revolusie aan Nefertete toegeskryf kan word. Masters 2012-08-27T11:36:54Z 2012-08-27T11:36:54Z 1996 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/55132 en_ZA Stellenbosch University 105 pages application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Hatshepsut, -- Queen of Egypt Nefertiti, -- Queen of Egypt, -- 14th cent. B.C Queens -- Egypt -- History Egypt -- History -- Eighteenth dynasty, ca. 1570-1320 B.C Dissertations -- Ancient Near Eastern Studies UCTD Kirchner, Geraldene Hatshepsut and Nefertiti : a study of two Egyptian queens |
| title | Hatshepsut and Nefertiti : a study of two Egyptian queens |
| title_full | Hatshepsut and Nefertiti : a study of two Egyptian queens |
| title_fullStr | Hatshepsut and Nefertiti : a study of two Egyptian queens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hatshepsut and Nefertiti : a study of two Egyptian queens |
| title_short | Hatshepsut and Nefertiti : a study of two Egyptian queens |
| title_sort | hatshepsut and nefertiti a study of two egyptian queens |
| topic | Hatshepsut, -- Queen of Egypt Nefertiti, -- Queen of Egypt, -- 14th cent. B.C Queens -- Egypt -- History Egypt -- History -- Eighteenth dynasty, ca. 1570-1320 B.C Dissertations -- Ancient Near Eastern Studies UCTD |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/55132 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kirchnergeraldene hatshepsutandnefertitiastudyoftwoegyptianqueens |