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Comparative engineering costing and implications of commercial and smallholder irrigator design for projects
Thesis (MScEng (Civil Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch
2011
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| _version_ | 1867614061224525824 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Hards, Adrian F. |
| author2 | Du Plessis, J. A. |
| author_browse | Du Plessis, J. A. Hards, Adrian F. |
| author_facet | Du Plessis, J. A. Hards, Adrian F. |
| author_sort | Hards, Adrian F. |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | University of Stellenbosch |
| description | Thesis (MScEng (Civil Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/6501 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:46:01.452Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publishDateRange | 2011 |
| publishDateSort | 2011 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/6501 Comparative engineering costing and implications of commercial and smallholder irrigator design for projects Hards, Adrian F. Du Plessis, J. A. University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Civil Engineering Irrigation water Commercial irrigation Smallholder irrigation Dissertations -- Civil engineering Theses -- Civil engineering Irrigation farming -- South Arica -- Eastern Cape Irrigation farming -- Costs Irrigation farming -- Economic aspects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Thesis (MScEng (Civil Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the study, six irrigation schemes based in the Eastern Cape have been considered and evaluated, according to two levels of supply (LOS) of irrigation water. The two levels of supply are that of a commercial irrigator and that of a smallholder irrigator. The irrigation infrastructure for each of the six schemes was designed, and the associated costs determined, for each level of supply. The primary objective of the study is to determine the impact of infrastructure costs and irrigation areas on the target user, either the commercial or the smallholder irrigator. This is related directly to the assumption that lower water volumes are used by the smallholder irrigator. The study addresses the impact of different designs on the amount of water used, land utilised and resultant costs of the infrastructure. The initial capital costs and the on-going operational and maintenance costs (O&M) for each level of supply for each of the schemes have been calculated. The evaluation of the two LOS has shown that the capital cost for the commercial LOS is approximately 18 % higher than for the smallholder LOS and the O&M costs 6 % to 36 % higher. The schemes that were investigated can be grouped into five general scheme types. The first type is gravity schemes, which need rehabilitation, while the bulk supply is in place with no augmentation or rehabilitation required. The second is pumped scheme which is in need of rehabilitation, while the bulk supply is in place with no augmentation or rehabilitation required. The third type includes run-of-river schemes where water is abstracted and pumped directly to the lands. The fourth type includes run-of-river schemes where water is abstracted and pumped to storage. The fifth type is the gravity scheme where the bulk supply needs to be installed as part of the scheme. These types are then grouped and can be used to give guidance on the anticipated costs dependant on the scheme type and the required level of service. A further objective of the research is to determine the impact on the smallholder irrigators who find themselves on a commercial LOS system. This can be either on a scheme that has already been designed, or on a new system. The evaluation of the commercial under-utilised LOS and the smallholder LOS has shown that the commercial capital cost is 18 % higher and the O&M costs 5 % to 29 % higher. The study further aligns the estimated costs with the farmer typology providing a broader understanding of the design to be adopted for different levels of supply. This provides the linkage between farmer types, the design to be implemented and the anticipated costs thereof. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: As deel van hierdie narvorsing word ses verskillende besproeiingsskemas in die Oos-Kaap ten opsigte van twee voorsieningsvlakke ondersoek. Die twee voorsieningsvlakke ter sprake is vir ‘n kommersiële en kleinboerdery opset. Die besproeiingsinfrastruktuur is vir elk van die ses besproeiingsskemas ontwerp en ‘n kosteberaming vir elk van voorsieningsvlakke gedoen. Die hoofdoelwit van hierdie verslag is om te bepaal wat die impak van kostes en besproeiingsareas op beide kommersiële- en kleinboerderye is. Dit is direk gebaseer op die aanname dat kleinboerderye minder water gebruik. Die verslag ondersoek die impak van verskillende ontwerpe op waterverbruik, besproeiingsoppervlak benodig en die gevolglike infrastruktuurkostes. Die aanvanklike kapitaalkostes asook bedryfs- en onderhoudsuitgawes (B&O) vir elk van die voorsieningsvlakke, is vir elk van die besproeiingskemas bereken. Die resultaat van die ondersoek van die twee voorsieningsvlakke het aangetoon dat die kapitaalkoste van kommersiële besproeiingskemas 18 % hoër as die van kleinboerderye is, en bedryfs- en onderhoudsuitgawes 6 tot 36 % hoër. Die skemas wat ondersoek is, kan in vyf algemene skema tipes verdeel word. Die eerste is die gravitasieskemas wat rehabilitasie benodig terwyl die hooftoevoer in plek is met geen uitbreidings- of rehabilitasiebehoeftes. Die tweede is pompskemas wat rehabilitasie benodig terwyl die hooftoevoer in plek is met geen uitbreidings- of rehabilitasiebehoeftes. Die derde is rivierskemas waar besproeiingswater direk uit die rivier na die landerye gepomp word. Die vierde is rivierskemas waar besproeiingswater direk uit die rivier na a reservoir gepomp word. Die vyfde skema tipe is die gravitasieskemas waar die hooftoevoer ook gebou moet word as deel van die skema. Die skema tipes kan gebruik word om leiding te verskaf ten opsigte van verwagte skema kostes afhangende van die skema tipe en vereiste voorsieningsvlak. ‘n Verdere doelwit van die studie is om die impak op kleinboere te bepaal wat op ‘n kommeriële voorsieningsvlak boer. So ‘n stelsel kan ‘n gevestigde of nuwe stelsel wees. Die resultaat van die ondersoek van die onderbenutte kommersiële voorsieningsvlak en die kleinboerdery voorsieningsvlak het gewys dat die kapitaalkoste van kommersiële besproeiingskemas 18 % hoër as die van kleinboerderye is, en bedryfs- en onderhoudsuitgawes 5 tot 29 % hoër. Die verslag vereenselwig die verwagte kostes met die tipe boerdery en verskaf ‘n beter begrip van die tipe ontwerp wat elk van die voorsieningsvlakke benodig. Dit verskaf dus die verband tussen die tipe boerdery, die ontwerp benodig en die verwagte projekkostes. 2011-02-25T07:34:12Z 2011-03-14T08:13:29Z 2011-02-25T07:34:12Z 2011-03-14T08:13:29Z 2011-03 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6501 en University of Stellenbosch application/pdf Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch |
| spellingShingle | Irrigation water Commercial irrigation Smallholder irrigation Dissertations -- Civil engineering Theses -- Civil engineering Irrigation farming -- South Arica -- Eastern Cape Irrigation farming -- Costs Irrigation farming -- Economic aspects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape Hards, Adrian F. Comparative engineering costing and implications of commercial and smallholder irrigator design for projects |
| title | Comparative engineering costing and implications of commercial and smallholder irrigator design for projects |
| title_full | Comparative engineering costing and implications of commercial and smallholder irrigator design for projects |
| title_fullStr | Comparative engineering costing and implications of commercial and smallholder irrigator design for projects |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative engineering costing and implications of commercial and smallholder irrigator design for projects |
| title_short | Comparative engineering costing and implications of commercial and smallholder irrigator design for projects |
| title_sort | comparative engineering costing and implications of commercial and smallholder irrigator design for projects |
| topic | Irrigation water Commercial irrigation Smallholder irrigation Dissertations -- Civil engineering Theses -- Civil engineering Irrigation farming -- South Arica -- Eastern Cape Irrigation farming -- Costs Irrigation farming -- Economic aspects -- South Africa -- Eastern Cape |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6501 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hardsadrianf comparativeengineeringcostingandimplicationsofcommercialandsmallholderirrigatordesignforprojects |