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Immobilized diimine complexes of palladium and copper as catalyst precursors for oxidation reactions
Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | en_ZA |
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Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch
2011
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| _version_ | 1867614027348180992 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Kotze, Hendrik de Vries |
| author2 | Mapolie, Selwyn |
| author_browse | Kotze, Hendrik de Vries Mapolie, Selwyn |
| author_facet | Mapolie, Selwyn Kotze, Hendrik de Vries |
| author_sort | Kotze, Hendrik de Vries |
| collection | Thesis |
| description | Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/6721 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | en_ZA |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:45:30.338Z |
| license_str | Not specified — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publishDateRange | 2011 |
| publishDateSort | 2011 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/6721 Immobilized diimine complexes of palladium and copper as catalyst precursors for oxidation reactions Kotze, Hendrik de Vries Mapolie, Selwyn University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Chemistry and Polymer Science. Immobilized catalysts Diimine complexes Alcohol oxidation Mesoporous silica Dissertations -- Chemistry Theses -- Chemistry Chemistry and Polymer Science Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this thesis the synthesis of a wide range of model and siloxane functionalized N-(n-propyl)-1-(2-pyridyl and quinolyl)-imine ligands (L1-L6) are described. Functionalized ligands (L4-L6) were obtained by the reaction of the pyridyl and quinolyl aldehydes with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Model ligands were characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy while 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy was additionally used for functional ligand characterization. Functionalized complexes of both Pd(II) and Cu(I) were found to be more thermally stable than their model counterparts. Overall the model Pd(II) complexes showed a higher thermal stability than the model Cu(I) complexes. Ligands (L1-L6) were reacted with either Pd(II) or Cu(I) metal precursors to produce both the model and functionalized Pd(II) (C1-C6) and Cu(I) (C7-C12) metal complexes. These metal complexes were all characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, 1H NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy for the model Cu(I) complexes. Functionalized complexes were additionally characterized with 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy. Siloxane functionalized complexes of Pd(II) and Cu(I) were immobilized on MCM-41 and SBA-15 silica materials to produce heterogenized immobilized catalysts. These immobilized catalysts were characterized by a wide range of solid state techniques including: BET nitrogen adsorption/desorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), ICP-AES, FT-IR spectroscopy, powder XRD and solid state 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy. ICP-AES and BET surface analysis showed that better complex immobilization occurred for SBA-15 supported materials despite SBA-15 having a significantly lower surface area than MCM-41. This higher immobilization was ascribed to the larger pore sizes of SBA-15 (50 Å) vs. that of MCM-41 (26 Å). Immobilized catalysts were tested for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde. Immobilization had a positive effect on the catalytic activity of the Pd(II) complexes with higher conversions being observed for immobilized Pd(II) catalysts when compared to their model analogues. Overall the MCM-41 immobilized Pd(II) catalysts showed a higher increase in activity than SBA-15 immobilized catalysts. For Ti-doped supports a generally higher activity was seen for the Ti-SBA-15 system. The Cu(I) systems however were not as effective in the oxidation reactions. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie tesis word die sintese van `n wye reeks model sowel as gefunksioneerde N-(n-propiel)-1-(2-piridiel en kinoliel)-imien ligande (L1-L6) beskryf. Gefunksioneerde ligande (L4-L6) is gevorm deur die reaksie van piridiel en kinoliel aldehied met 3-amniopropieltriëtoksiesilaan. Model ligande is gekaraktariseer deur FT-IR en 1H KMR spektroskopie terwyl 13C{1H} KMR spektroskopie addisioneel gebruik is vir die karaktarisering van die gefunksioneerde ligande. Ligande (L1-L6) is gereageer met Pd(II) of Cu(I) metaal voorgangers om beide model sowel as gefunksioneerde Pd(II) (C1-C6) en Cu(I) (C7-C12) metaal komplekse op te lewer. Hierdie metaal komplekse is almal gekaraktariseer deur FT-IR, 1H KMR en UV/Vis spektroskopie vir die model Cu(I) komplekse. Gefunksionalseerde komplekse is addisioneel gekaraktariseer deur gebruik te maak van 13C{1H} KMR spektroskopie. Dit is gevind dat gefunksionaliseerde komplekse van beide Pd(II) sowel as Cu(I) termies meer stabiel was as hulle ooreenstemmende model komplekse. Oor die algemeen het die Pd(II) komplekse hoër termiese stabiliteit as die Cu(I) komplekse getoon. Siloksaan gefunksioneerde komplekse van Pd(II) en Cu(I) is geimmobiliseer op MCM-41 en SBA-15 silika materiale om heterogene geimmobiliseerde katalisatore op te lewer. Hierdie geimmobiliseerde katalisatore is gekaraktariseer deur van `n wye reeks vaste toestand tegnieke gebruik te maak. Hierdie suit in: SEM, TGA, ICP-AES, FT-IR, poeier XRD en vaste toestand 13C{1H} KMR spektroskopie. ICP-AES en BET oppervlak analieses het getoon dat beter kompleks immobilisering vir die SBA-15 silika material plaas gevind het, ondanks die feit dat SBA-15 `n laer oppervlak area beskik. Hierdie hoër graad van immobilisering is toegeskryf aan die groter poriegrootte van SBA-15 (50 Å) teenoor die van MCM-41 (26 Å). Geimmobiliseerde katalisatore is getoets in die oksidasie van bensielalkohol na bensaldehied. Dit is gevind dat die immobilisering van die Pd(II) komplekse op die silika materiaal `n positiewe uitwerking op die aktiwiteit van die katalitiese van die komplekse gehad het. Die hoogste toename in aktiwiteit is gesien vir geimmobiliseerde Pd(II) katalisatore wanneer hulle met hul ooreenstemmende model komplekse vergelyk is. Oor die algemeen is gevind dat MCM-41 geimmobiliseerde Pd(II) katalisatore n hoër toename in aktiwiteit getoon het as die van SBA-15. Vir die Ti-gedokterde silika materiale het die Ti-SBA-15 sisteem oor die algemeen `n hoër aktiviteit getoon as die Ti-MCM-41 sisteem. Die Cu(I) sisteme was egter nie so effektief in oksidasie reaksies nie. 2011-02-14T08:32:19Z 2011-03-14T08:34:56Z 2011-02-14T08:32:19Z 2011-03-14T08:34:56Z 2011-03 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6721 en_ZA application/pdf Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch |
| spellingShingle | Immobilized catalysts Diimine complexes Alcohol oxidation Mesoporous silica Dissertations -- Chemistry Theses -- Chemistry Chemistry and Polymer Science Kotze, Hendrik de Vries Immobilized diimine complexes of palladium and copper as catalyst precursors for oxidation reactions |
| title | Immobilized diimine complexes of palladium and copper as catalyst precursors for oxidation reactions |
| title_full | Immobilized diimine complexes of palladium and copper as catalyst precursors for oxidation reactions |
| title_fullStr | Immobilized diimine complexes of palladium and copper as catalyst precursors for oxidation reactions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immobilized diimine complexes of palladium and copper as catalyst precursors for oxidation reactions |
| title_short | Immobilized diimine complexes of palladium and copper as catalyst precursors for oxidation reactions |
| title_sort | immobilized diimine complexes of palladium and copper as catalyst precursors for oxidation reactions |
| topic | Immobilized catalysts Diimine complexes Alcohol oxidation Mesoporous silica Dissertations -- Chemistry Theses -- Chemistry Chemistry and Polymer Science |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6721 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kotzehendrikdevries immobilizeddiiminecomplexesofpalladiumandcopperascatalystprecursorsforoxidationreactions |