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Correlation between SQUID and Fluxgate Magnetometer Data-sets for Geomagnetic Storms: Hermanus
Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2014
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| _version_ | 1867614108283568128 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Matladi, Thabang-Kingsley |
| author2 | Fourie, C. J. |
| author_browse | Fourie, C. J. Matladi, Thabang-Kingsley |
| author_facet | Fourie, C. J. Matladi, Thabang-Kingsley |
| author_sort | Matladi, Thabang-Kingsley |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/86627 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | en_ZA |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:46:47.817Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2014 |
| publishDateRange | 2014 |
| publishDateSort | 2014 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/86627 Correlation between SQUID and Fluxgate Magnetometer Data-sets for Geomagnetic Storms: Hermanus Matladi, Thabang-Kingsley Fourie, C. J. Gouws, D. J. Saunderson, E. F. Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. Superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUID) Geomagnetism Magnetic storms Space environment Dissertations -- Electrical and electronic engineering Magnetic observatories Magnetometers Fluxgate magnetometers UCTD Theses -- Electrical and electronic engineering Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Superconducting QUantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs) are fairly recent types of magnetometers that use flux quantization combined with Josephson tunnelling to detect very faint (< 10¯15 T) magnetic fields. Recent scientific studies have shown that these highly sensitive magnetometers, located in an ultra-low-noise environment, are capable of observing Earth-ionosphere couplings, such as P waves emitted during earthquakes or magnetic storms in the upper atmosphere, S and T breathing modes of the Earth during quiet magnetic and seismic periods, signals in time correlating with sprites. Since SQUIDs are much more sensitive than conventional magnetometers, they are arguably the best tool for understanding space weather and natural hazards, whether they are produced from space or within the ionosphere by magnetic storms for instance, or natural disturbances, including magnetic disturbances produced by earthquakes or as a result of the dynamics of the earth's core. A study was conducted at SANSA Space Science in Hermanus, Western Cape, in 2012, to find the correlation between SQUID and Fluxgate data-sets, with the aim of validating the use of a SQUID as a reliable instrument for Space Weather observations. In that study, SQUID data obtained from the Low Noise Laboratory (LSBB) in France was compared to Fluxgate data-sets from the three closest magnetic observatories to LSBB, namely Chambon la For êt (France), Ebro (Spain) and Fürstenfeldbruck (Germany), all further than 500 km from LSBB. As a follow-up study, our aim is to correlate the SANSA Space Science SQUID data at Hermanus with Fluxgate magnetic data also recorded on-site (at Hermanus). There are notable di_erences between the previous study and the current study. In the previous study, the three-axis SQUID used comprised of three low-Tc devices operated in liquid helium (4.2 K) in an underground, low noise environment shielded from most human interferences. The SQUID magnetometer operated at Hermanus for the duration of this study is a high-Tc two-axis device (measuring the x and z components of the geomagnetic field). This SQUID magnetometer operates in liquid nitrogen (77 K), and is completely unshielded in the local geomagnetic field of about 26 uT. The environment is magnetically clean to observatory standards, but experiences more human interference than that at LSBB. The high-Tc SQUIDs also experience excessive 1/f noise at low frequencies which the low-Tc SQUIDs do not suffer from, but the big advantage of the current study is that the SQUIDs are located within 50 m from the observatory's fluxgate. We thus expect far better correlation between SQUID and fluxgate data than what was obtained in the previous study, which should improve the isolation of signals detected by the SQUID but not by the fluxgate. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: SQUIDs (supergeleidende kwantuminterferensietoestelle) is redelik onlangse tipes magnetometers wat vloedkwantisering saam met Josephson-tonneling gebruik om baie klein (< 10¯15 T) magnetiese velde waar te neem. Onlangse wetenskaplike studies het getoon dat hierdie hoogs sensitiewe magnetometers die vermoë het om Aarde-ionosfeerkoppeling waar te neem wanneer dit in 'n ultra-laeruisomgewing geplaas word. Sodanige koppeling sluit in: P-golwe wat deur aardbewings or magnetiese storms in die boonste atmosfeer veroorsaak word; S- en T-asemhalingsmodusse van die Aarde gedurende stil magnetiese en seismiese periodes; en seine in tyd wat korreleer met weerligeffekte in die boonste atmosfeer. Aangesien SQUIDs heelwat meer sensistief is as konvensionele magnetometers, is dit moontlik die beste gereedskap om ruimteweer en geassosieerde natuurlike gevare mee te analiseer; hetsy sulke toestande veroorsaak word vanaf die ruimte (deur die son) of binne die ionosfeer deur magnetiese storms of natuurlike steurings wat deur aardbewings of die dinamika van die Aardkern veroorsaak word. 'n Studie is in 2012 gedoen by SANSA Space Science in Hermanus in die Wes-Kaap om die korrelasie tussen SQUID- en vloedhekdatastelle te vind met die doel om SQUIDs as betroubare instrumente vir ruimteweerwaarneming te bevestig. In daardie studie is SQUID-data verkry vanaf die Laeruis Ondergrondse Laboratorium (LSBB) in Frankryk, en is dit vergelyk met vloedhekdatastelle vanaf die drie naaste magnetiese observatoriums aan LSBB, naamlik: Chambon la Forêt (Frankryk), Ebro (Spanje) en Fürstenfeldbruck (Duitsland). Al drie hierdie observatoriums is verder as 500 km vanaf LSBB. As 'n opvolgstudie is ons doelwit om SQUID- en vloedhekdata wat beide op die terrein van SANSA Space Science in Hermanus waargeneem word, te korreleer. Daar is merkbare verskille tussen hierdie en die vorige studies. In die vorige studie is 'n drie-as lae-Tc SQUID-magnetometer in vloeibare helium (4.2 K) in 'n laeruis ondergrondse laboratorium, afgeskerm teen menslike steurings, gebruik. Die SQUID-magnetometer wat vir die duur van die huidige studie by Hermanus gebruik is, is 'n hoë-Tc twee-as toestel (wat die x - en z -komponente van die geomagnetiese veld meet). Hierdie SQUID-magnetometer opereer in vloeibare stikstof teen 77 K, sonder enige afskerming in die geomagnetiese veld van ongeveer 26 uT. Die omgewing is magneties skoon volgens observatoriumstandaarde, maar ondervind meer menslik-veroorsaakde steurings as LSBB. Die hoë-Tc SQUIDs tel ook heelwat 1/f ruis op (wat lae-frekwensiemetings beïnvloed); iets wat nie 'n rol speel by die lae-Tc SQUIDs nie. Die groot voordeel van die huidige studie is dat die SQUIDs binne 50 meter vanaf die observatorium vloedhekke geleë is. Ons verwag dus heelwat beter korrelasie tussen SQUID- en vloedhekdata as wat met die vorige studie verkry is, wat dit makliker sal maak om die isolasie te verbeter van seine wat deur die SQUIDs waargeneem is, maar nie deur die vloedhekke nie. 2014-04-16T17:30:36Z 2014-04-16T17:30:36Z 2014-04 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86627 en_ZA Stellenbosch University xiii, 86 p. : ill. application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUID) Geomagnetism Magnetic storms Space environment Dissertations -- Electrical and electronic engineering Magnetic observatories Magnetometers Fluxgate magnetometers UCTD Theses -- Electrical and electronic engineering Matladi, Thabang-Kingsley Correlation between SQUID and Fluxgate Magnetometer Data-sets for Geomagnetic Storms: Hermanus |
| title | Correlation between SQUID and Fluxgate Magnetometer Data-sets for Geomagnetic Storms: Hermanus |
| title_full | Correlation between SQUID and Fluxgate Magnetometer Data-sets for Geomagnetic Storms: Hermanus |
| title_fullStr | Correlation between SQUID and Fluxgate Magnetometer Data-sets for Geomagnetic Storms: Hermanus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Correlation between SQUID and Fluxgate Magnetometer Data-sets for Geomagnetic Storms: Hermanus |
| title_short | Correlation between SQUID and Fluxgate Magnetometer Data-sets for Geomagnetic Storms: Hermanus |
| title_sort | correlation between squid and fluxgate magnetometer data sets for geomagnetic storms hermanus |
| topic | Superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUID) Geomagnetism Magnetic storms Space environment Dissertations -- Electrical and electronic engineering Magnetic observatories Magnetometers Fluxgate magnetometers UCTD Theses -- Electrical and electronic engineering |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86627 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT matladithabangkingsley correlationbetweensquidandfluxgatemagnetometerdatasetsforgeomagneticstormshermanus |