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The effect of an oregano oil extract in a lactating dairy cow diet on production responses of Holstein cows
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2016.
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| Language: | en_ZA |
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2016
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| _version_ | 1867614072045830144 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Nowers, Nadine |
| author2 | Cruywagen, C. W. |
| author_browse | Cruywagen, C. W. Nowers, Nadine |
| author_facet | Cruywagen, C. W. Nowers, Nadine |
| author_sort | Nowers, Nadine |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2016. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/98355 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | en_ZA |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:46:13.197Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateRange | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/98355 The effect of an oregano oil extract in a lactating dairy cow diet on production responses of Holstein cows Nowers, Nadine Cruywagen, C. W. Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Agrisciences. Dept. of Animal Sciences. Holstein cows -- Nutrition Holstein cows -- Reproduction Dairy cows -- Milk yield Oregano essential oil UCTD Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2016. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Forty Holstein cows, 178 ± 17 (SE) DIM and weighing 624 ± 9 (SE) kg, were used in a lactation trial of 60 days to determine the effect of oregano essential oil on milk production and milk composition. The cows were ranked according to milk yield, DIM and lactation number and each consecutive pair formed a block. Treatments were allocated randomly to each of the 20 blocks. An essential oil product (Dosto Concentrate 500; DOS), was evaluated against a placebo control (CON) treatment. Cows were housed in a semi-open free-stall barn with sand beds and had free access to fresh water. All cows received a basal diet consisting of lucerne hay (53% NDF and 11% CP) that was offered ad libitum and 28 kg/day of a semi-complete lactation feed, offered twice daily at 07:30 and 16:00. All refused feed were weighed back weekly to determine intake per group. Treatments (DOS and CON) only differed in terms of a maize based supplement that, in the case of the DOS treatment, every 300 g maize supplement portion, contained 0.5 g of Dosto Concentrate 500. The cows were milked twice daily at 06:00 and 15:30 and the supplements were offered individually to cows in the milking parlour during each milking. Milk yield, milk composition and cow weights were recorded daily via the Afikim system. Milk samples were also collected during weeks three and eight for composition analysis at the Elsenburg Dairy Laboratory. Data collected over time were subjected to a repeated measurements ANOVA, while mean values were analysed according to a main effects ANOVA with treatment and block as main effects. All data were analysed with the aid of Statistica 64 version 12 and significance was declared at P < 0.05. Regarding all 40 cows, treatment had no effect (P > 0.05) on milk yield or milk composition over the entire period. However, in the CON treatment, the lactose content was higher (P < 0.05) during the first two weeks and the milk protein content was higher (P < 0.05) from week four to eight. When data of the ten top milk producing cows per treatment were analysed separately, the fat content and milk fat yield were higher (P < 0.05) for the DOS treatment during the first three weeks of the trial and lactose was higher (P < 0.05) for the CON treatment in the first week. Mean milk yield of the ten top milk producing cows per treatment did not differ (P > 0.05) and was 37.9 kg for the DOS treatment and 37.3 kg for the CON treatment. Mean fat content and fat yield was higher (P < 0.05) in the DOS treatment (37.1 g/kg and 1.41 kg/day) than in the CON treatment (33.8 g/kg and 1.26 kg/day). The higher fat content also resulted in a higher (P < 0.05) energy corrected milk yield of cows in the DOS treatment than in the CON treatment (38.8 and 36.6 kg/day, respectively). With regards to feed intake, the CON group consumed on average 17.3 kg more roughage per week than the DOS group. After a two month period 12 milk samples were collected from each group and was sent to be evaluated in terms of microbiological quality and sensory characteristics. The microbiological quality of the milk samples was evaluated by using petrifilm plates for total aerobic counts (TAC) and coliform counts (CC). Based on the microbiological analysis, all the milk samples were considered suitable for human consumption (< 200 000 cfu/ml). The treatment group differed (P ≤ 0.001) from the control group in terms of aroma and flavour. No oregano flavour was detected and the difference in aroma and flavour was probably due to the difference in fat content. It was concluded that oregano essential oil in dairy cow diets stimulated milk fat production and increased energy corrected milk yield in high milk producing dairy cows. Oregano essential oil had no adverse effect on milk aroma and flavour. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Veertig Holsteinkoeie, 178 ± 17 (SF) DIM en met ‘n massa van 624 ± 9 (SF) kg, is in ‘n laktasiestudie van 60 dae gebruik om die invloed van oreganum essensiële-olie op melkproduksie en melksamestelling te bepaal. Koeie is gerangskik volgens melkproduksie, DIM en laktasienommer en elke opeenvolgende paar het ‘n blok gevorm. ‘n Produk van ‘n essensiële olie (Dosto Concentrate 500; DOS) is geëvalueer teenoor ‘n placebokontrolebehandeling (KON). Koeie is in ‘n gedeeltelike oop, vrystaande stal met ‘n sandvloer gehuisves en hulle het vrye toegang tot water gehad. Alle koeie het ‘n basiese diet ontvang wat bestaan het uit lusernhooi (53% NVV en 11% RP) wat ad lib voorsien is, plus 28 kg/dag van ‘n semivolledige rantsoen wat daagliks in twee porsies om 07:30 en 16:00 verskaf is. Die voerinmame per groep is bepaal deur die onbenutte voer weekliks terug te weeg. Die behandelings (DOS en KON) het slegs verskil in terme van die mieliegebasseerde supplement, waar in die geval van die DOS behandeling, elke 300 g mieliesupplement 0.5 g Dosto Concentrate 500 bevat het. Koeie is tweekeer per dag teen 06:00 en 15:30 gemelk en die supplement is individueel per koei in die melkstal tydens elke melking voorsien. Melkopbrengs, melksamestelling en koeimassas is daagliks bereken deur middel van die Afikim-sisteem. Melkmonsters is gedurende week drie en week agt geneem en deur die Elsenburg Suiwellaboratorium ontleed vir melksamestelling. Data wat oor tyd versamel is, is met behulp van ‘n herhaalde-waarnemings ANOVA ontleed, terwyl gemiddelde waardes volgens ‘n hoofeffek ANOVA ontleed is met behandeling en blok as hoofeffekte. Alle data is met behulp van Statistica 64 (weergawe 12) ontleed. Betekenisvolheid is teen P < 0.05 verklaar. Behandeling het geen invloed (P > 0.05) op melkopbrengs of melksamestelling oor die totale periode gehad nie. In die KON behandeling is egter gevind dat die laktose-inhoud hoër was (P < 0.05) gedurende die eerste twee weke van die studie en dat melkproteïeninhoud hoër was (P < 0.05) vanaf week vier tot week agt. Wanneer die data van die top tien melkproduserende koeie afsonderlik ontleed is, is gevind dat die vetinhoud en melkvetopbrengs gedurende die eerste drie weke van die studie hoër (P < 0.05) was vir die DOS behandeling en dat laktosevlakke van die KON behandeling hoër (P < 0.05) was gedurende die eerste week. Die gemiddelde melkopbrengs van die tien top koeie per behandeling het nie betekenisvol verskil nie en was 37.9 kg vir die DOS behandeling en 37.3 kg vir die KON behandeling. Die gemiddelde vetinhoud en vetopbrengs was hoër (P < 0.05) in die DOS behandeling (37.1 g/kg en 1.41 kg/dag) as in die KON behandeling (33.8 g/kg en 1.26 kg/dag). Die hoër vetinhoud het ‘n hoër energie-gekorrigeerde melkopbrengs vir koeie in die DOS behandeling teenoor die KON behandeling tot gevolg gehad (38.8 kg/dag en 36.6 kg/dag onderskeidelik). Die KON groep het ten opsigte van voerinname, 17.3 kg meer ruvoer per week verbruik. Twaalf melkmonsters per behandeling is in die agtste week van die studie geneem vir mikrobiologiese kwaliteit en sintuiglike evaluering. Die mikrobiologiese kwaliteit van die melk is geëvalueer deur gebruik te maak van petrifilmplaatjies vir totale aerobiese tellings (TAT) en coliform-tellings (CT). Na aanleiding van die mikrobiologiese ontledings was al die melkmonsters geskik vir menslike gebruik (< 200 000 cfu/ml). Die behandelingsgroep het ten opsigte van aroma en geur van die kontrolegroep verskil (P ≤ 0.001), maar geen oreganogeur is waargeneem nie. Die verskille ten opsigte van aroma en geur was waarskynlik as gevolg van die verskil in vetinhoud. Die gevolgtrekking vanuit die studie was dat oreganum essensiële-olie die melkvetproduksie gestimuleer het en tot verhoogde energie-gekorrigeerde melkopbrengs in hoë-produserende melkkoeie gelei het. Oregano essensiële-olie het geen nadelige invloed op melk aroma en geur nie. Masters 2016-03-09T14:09:21Z 2016-03-09T14:09:21Z 2016-03 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98355 en_ZA Stellenbosch University 87 pages : illustrations application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Holstein cows -- Nutrition Holstein cows -- Reproduction Dairy cows -- Milk yield Oregano essential oil UCTD Nowers, Nadine The effect of an oregano oil extract in a lactating dairy cow diet on production responses of Holstein cows |
| title | The effect of an oregano oil extract in a lactating dairy cow diet on production responses of Holstein cows |
| title_full | The effect of an oregano oil extract in a lactating dairy cow diet on production responses of Holstein cows |
| title_fullStr | The effect of an oregano oil extract in a lactating dairy cow diet on production responses of Holstein cows |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effect of an oregano oil extract in a lactating dairy cow diet on production responses of Holstein cows |
| title_short | The effect of an oregano oil extract in a lactating dairy cow diet on production responses of Holstein cows |
| title_sort | effect of an oregano oil extract in a lactating dairy cow diet on production responses of holstein cows |
| topic | Holstein cows -- Nutrition Holstein cows -- Reproduction Dairy cows -- Milk yield Oregano essential oil UCTD |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/98355 |
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