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The Non‑Penalization Machine: Mixed Movements in a Security‑driven European Border Order
This thesis investigates how the non‑penalization principle for irregular border crossing is formally upheld yet effectively undermined in contemporary migration governance. It argues that non‑penalization now operates as a narrow, conditional and status‑dependent “machine” whose protections are fra...
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| Format: | Thesis |
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AUC Knowledge Fountain
2026
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| _version_ | 1867613434172932096 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Elessawy, Raghda |
| author_browse | Elessawy, Raghda |
| author_facet | Elessawy, Raghda |
| author_sort | Elessawy, Raghda |
| collection | Thesis |
| description | This thesis investigates how the non‑penalization principle for irregular border crossing is formally upheld yet effectively undermined in contemporary migration governance. It argues that non‑penalization now operates as a narrow, conditional and status‑dependent “machine” whose protections are fragmented across refugee, smuggling and trafficking regimes and heavily mediated by open‑textured conditions and domestic discretion. Part I reconstructs this doctrinal architecture, showing how key norms convert a humanitarian intuition into limited exceptions within a legal order that otherwise normalizes the criminalization of irregular movement. Part II situates this fragile framework within security‑driven and externalized forms of European border control, where punishment is displaced “at a distance” through offshore, outsourced and seemingly administrative practices. Tested against the reality of mixed movements, the analysis shows how status‑dependence, late recognition and security governance combine to produce a tiered structure of protection in which some people are shielded from sanctions while many others remain systematically punishable. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:fount.aucegypt.edu:etds-3852 |
| institution | American University in Cairo (Egypt) |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:36:04.810Z |
| license_str | Not specified — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from AUC Knowledge Fountain — bepress |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publishDateRange | 2026 |
| publishDateSort | 2026 |
| publisher | AUC Knowledge Fountain |
| publisherStr | AUC Knowledge Fountain |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | AUC Knowledge Fountain — bepress |
| spelling | oai:fount.aucegypt.edu:etds-3852 The Non‑Penalization Machine: Mixed Movements in a Security‑driven European Border Order Elessawy, Raghda This thesis investigates how the non‑penalization principle for irregular border crossing is formally upheld yet effectively undermined in contemporary migration governance. It argues that non‑penalization now operates as a narrow, conditional and status‑dependent “machine” whose protections are fragmented across refugee, smuggling and trafficking regimes and heavily mediated by open‑textured conditions and domestic discretion. Part I reconstructs this doctrinal architecture, showing how key norms convert a humanitarian intuition into limited exceptions within a legal order that otherwise normalizes the criminalization of irregular movement. Part II situates this fragile framework within security‑driven and externalized forms of European border control, where punishment is displaced “at a distance” through offshore, outsourced and seemingly administrative practices. Tested against the reality of mixed movements, the analysis shows how status‑dependence, late recognition and security governance combine to produce a tiered structure of protection in which some people are shielded from sanctions while many others remain systematically punishable. 2026-06-11T07:00:00Z thesis application/pdf https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds/2790 https://fount.aucegypt.edu/context/etds/article/3852/viewcontent/Raghda_Bahy_Elessawy_Thesis.pdf Theses and Dissertations AUC Knowledge Fountain Non‑penalization; irregular border crossing; mixed movements; crimmigration; securitization; externalization; borderzones; refugee law; migrant smuggling; human trafficking; European migration governance Human Rights Law Immigration Law International Law Law |
| spellingShingle | Non‑penalization; irregular border crossing; mixed movements; crimmigration; securitization; externalization; borderzones; refugee law; migrant smuggling; human trafficking; European migration governance Human Rights Law Immigration Law International Law Law Elessawy, Raghda The Non‑Penalization Machine: Mixed Movements in a Security‑driven European Border Order |
| title | The Non‑Penalization Machine: Mixed Movements in a Security‑driven European Border Order |
| title_full | The Non‑Penalization Machine: Mixed Movements in a Security‑driven European Border Order |
| title_fullStr | The Non‑Penalization Machine: Mixed Movements in a Security‑driven European Border Order |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Non‑Penalization Machine: Mixed Movements in a Security‑driven European Border Order |
| title_short | The Non‑Penalization Machine: Mixed Movements in a Security‑driven European Border Order |
| title_sort | non penalization machine mixed movements in a security driven european border order |
| topic | Non‑penalization; irregular border crossing; mixed movements; crimmigration; securitization; externalization; borderzones; refugee law; migrant smuggling; human trafficking; European migration governance Human Rights Law Immigration Law International Law Law |
| url | https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds/2790 https://fount.aucegypt.edu/context/etds/article/3852/viewcontent/Raghda_Bahy_Elessawy_Thesis.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT elessawyraghda thenonpenalizationmachinemixedmovementsinasecuritydriveneuropeanborderorder AT elessawyraghda nonpenalizationmachinemixedmovementsinasecuritydriveneuropeanborderorder |