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Applying Putnam’s two-level game theory to health diplomacy: South Africa’s domestic and international responses to the COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 to 2023
Mini Dissertation (MA (Diplomatic Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2025.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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University of Pretoria
2026
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| _version_ | 1869483798523019264 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author2 | Blake, Robin |
| author_browse | Blake, Robin |
| author_facet | Blake, Robin |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | © 2024 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. |
| description | Mini Dissertation (MA (Diplomatic Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2025. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/108027 |
| institution | University of Pretoria (South Africa) |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-07-01T04:04:43.589Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publishDateRange | 2026 |
| publishDateSort | 2026 |
| publisher | University of Pretoria |
| publisherStr | University of Pretoria |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| spelling | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/108027 Applying Putnam’s two-level game theory to health diplomacy: South Africa’s domestic and international responses to the COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 to 2023 Blake, Robin Madise.Dikeledi@tuks.co.za Madise, Dikeledi Dorah UCTD Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Health Diplomacy Putnam’s Two-level Game Theory South Africa Health Equity COVID-19 Pandemic Mini Dissertation (MA (Diplomatic Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2025. This research is a qualitative review of literature that develops an analytical framework drawn from the key concepts found in Putnam’s theory. The guiding concepts adopted to analyse the interaction between the domestic and international interest in the country’s engagements on health diplomacy include, Level I (international) and Level II (domestic) negotiations, win-sets, reverberations, and defection. The framework led to findings that demonstrate that South Africa’s socioeconomic challenges, political organisations and institutions influenced the country’s win-set both before engagements at the international level, and after said engagements. The research also found that the country leveraged its multilateral and regional relations to expand it win-set, while also asserting itself as a leading middle power state in pursuit of health equity. The study concludes by arguing for the utility of Putnam’s two-level game framework in understanding how states in the global south navigate health diplomacy that requires alignment between interests at the domestic and international level due to the interdependence that exists between the two spheres. This research applies Putnam’s two-level game theory in analysing how South Africa balanced its domestic and international interests during the COVID-19 pandemic spanning from 2020 to 2023. The study explores how domestic pressures ranging from a strained public healthcare system, economic challenges and public opinion played a role in shaping the country’s approach at the international level. Cases such as the TRIPS waiver, COVAX facility, the AU’s AVAT and the bilateral agreement with Cuba on the procurement of Interferon alfa-2b are adopted to demonstrate the complexity of the country’s engagements at the international level influenced by the domestic pressures at Level II. * Political Sciences MA (Diplomatic Studies) Unrestricted Faculty of Humanities SDG-03: Good health and well-being SDG-10: Reduces inequalities SDG-16: Peace, justice and strong institutions 2026-02-10T17:21:03Z 2026-02-10T17:21:03Z 2026-05-19 2025-11-30 Mini Dissertation * A2026 http://hdl.handle.net/2263/108027 * en © 2024 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. application/pdf University of Pretoria |
| spellingShingle | UCTD Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Health Diplomacy Putnam’s Two-level Game Theory South Africa Health Equity COVID-19 Pandemic Applying Putnam’s two-level game theory to health diplomacy: South Africa’s domestic and international responses to the COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 to 2023 |
| title | Applying Putnam’s two-level game theory to health diplomacy: South Africa’s domestic and international responses to the COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 to 2023 |
| title_full | Applying Putnam’s two-level game theory to health diplomacy: South Africa’s domestic and international responses to the COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 to 2023 |
| title_fullStr | Applying Putnam’s two-level game theory to health diplomacy: South Africa’s domestic and international responses to the COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 to 2023 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Applying Putnam’s two-level game theory to health diplomacy: South Africa’s domestic and international responses to the COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 to 2023 |
| title_short | Applying Putnam’s two-level game theory to health diplomacy: South Africa’s domestic and international responses to the COVID-19 pandemic from 2020 to 2023 |
| title_sort | applying putnam s two level game theory to health diplomacy south africa s domestic and international responses to the covid 19 pandemic from 2020 to 2023 |
| topic | UCTD Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Health Diplomacy Putnam’s Two-level Game Theory South Africa Health Equity COVID-19 Pandemic |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/2263/108027 |