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Environmental history and Memory : an evaluation of drought and dry periods in south-central and south -eastern Zimbabwe, 1940- present , and the archaeological implications
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2021.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
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University of Pretoria
2021
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| _version_ | 1867613627532443648 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author2 | Pikirayi, Innocent |
| author_browse | Pikirayi, Innocent |
| author_facet | Pikirayi, Innocent |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | © 2019 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. |
| description | Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2021. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/80627 |
| institution | University of Pretoria (South Africa) |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:39:09.096Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publishDateRange | 2021 |
| publishDateSort | 2021 |
| publisher | University of Pretoria |
| publisherStr | University of Pretoria |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository |
| spelling | oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/80627 Environmental history and Memory : an evaluation of drought and dry periods in south-central and south -eastern Zimbabwe, 1940- present , and the archaeological implications Pikirayi, Innocent ac3253@gmail.com Chimwanda, Acquiline UCTD Archaeology Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2021. The thesis re-examined current interpretations of the environmental role in the social formation and decline of complex societies in southern Africa in the last 2000 years. The study specifically focused on the period from the end of the first millennium AD to the second millennium AD in southern Africa. An understanding of complex societies, in terms of livelihood options, sustainability and human responses/decisions, was placed within the initial phase of the Little Ice Age during the transformation of societies such as Mapungubwe and Great Zimbabwe states occurred. The evaluation of the drought and dry periods for contemporary societies was assumed to give indicators of what could have happened between the rise and decline of southern Africa‟s complex societies. The findings from south-eastern and central Zimbabwean communities suggest new perspectives through livelihood lenses that incorporate human response and decisions in the face of natural catastrophes to interpret cultural change in an ever-changing environment. The findings of this study show that even during severe droughts or other stress-induced environmental events, people employed multiple strategies to reduce the risk and impact of climatic change. The interesting aspect of climate change and social organization rests not only on the challenges it poses, but also the opportunities created. Responding to droughts through diversified coping strategies for both past and contemporary societies is taken as evidence that people are not adamant victims of climate change. Key Words: complex societies, Little Ice Age, drought and dry spells, livelihood, transformation Anthropology and Archaeology PhD Restricted 2021-06-28T08:15:00Z 2021-06-28T08:15:00Z 2021 2021 Thesis * S2021 http://hdl.handle.net/2263/80627 en © 2019 University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. application/pdf University of Pretoria |
| spellingShingle | UCTD Archaeology Environmental history and Memory : an evaluation of drought and dry periods in south-central and south -eastern Zimbabwe, 1940- present , and the archaeological implications |
| title | Environmental history and Memory : an evaluation of drought and dry periods in south-central and south -eastern Zimbabwe, 1940- present , and the archaeological implications |
| title_full | Environmental history and Memory : an evaluation of drought and dry periods in south-central and south -eastern Zimbabwe, 1940- present , and the archaeological implications |
| title_fullStr | Environmental history and Memory : an evaluation of drought and dry periods in south-central and south -eastern Zimbabwe, 1940- present , and the archaeological implications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Environmental history and Memory : an evaluation of drought and dry periods in south-central and south -eastern Zimbabwe, 1940- present , and the archaeological implications |
| title_short | Environmental history and Memory : an evaluation of drought and dry periods in south-central and south -eastern Zimbabwe, 1940- present , and the archaeological implications |
| title_sort | environmental history and memory an evaluation of drought and dry periods in south central and south eastern zimbabwe 1940 present and the archaeological implications |
| topic | UCTD Archaeology |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/2263/80627 |