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An evaluation of Chrysomya chloropyga larvae meal as an iron and protein source when fed to broiler chickens
Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2019.
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| Language: | en_ZA |
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2019
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| _version_ | 1867613971761070080 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Van Aswegen, Mari |
| author2 | Pieterse, Elsje |
| author_browse | Pieterse, Elsje Van Aswegen, Mari |
| author_facet | Pieterse, Elsje Van Aswegen, Mari |
| author_sort | Van Aswegen, Mari |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2019. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/106945 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | en_ZA |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:44:37.487Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateRange | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/106945 An evaluation of Chrysomya chloropyga larvae meal as an iron and protein source when fed to broiler chickens Van Aswegen, Mari Pieterse, Elsje Stellenbosch University. Faculty of AgriSciences. Dept. of Animal Science. Broilers (Chickens) -- Breeding Broilers (Chickens) -- Nutrition Broilers (Chickens) -- Feeding and feeds Proteins in animal nutrition Chrysomya chloropyga Larvae meal UCTD Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2019. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Mineral nutrition is currently the focus of multiple research programs, especially iron which is an essential micro-mineral, affecting both the animals’ health and welfare. Iron plays an important role in the animal body; forming part of the oxygen transport system as well as playing an important role in energy metabolism. Multiple iron chelates, and complexes have been placed on the market to replace iron salts such as iron sulphate. The need for alternative mineral sources comes from the high toxicity of inorganic salts combined with their low bioavailability. Protein is the most expensive component of diets used in commercial animal production and the production process of commercially used protein sources are often unsustainable, this has prompted the search to find alternative, sustainable protein sources. If raw materials that are rich in bio-available iron could be incorporated into the diet through a sustainable protein source, like Chrysomya chloropyga (Copper bottom blowfly) larvae meal (CC), the need for iron supplements would decrease or possibly become unnecessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of C. chloropyga (copper bottom blowfly) larvae as an alternative iron and protein source in broiler diets. Three different inclusion rates of C. chloropyga larvae meal (CCL; grower – 11%, finisher – 6.5%, CCM; grower – 13%, finisher – 9.8%, CCH; grower – 15%, finisher - 13%) were compared to two control diets containing either iron sulphate (FeSO4) or iron lactate (Fe-Lact). The experimental treatments performed well for production parameters of the poultry where CCM resulted in the highest live weight, lowest feed intake and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR). Furthermore, there were no differences in broiler carcass characteristics between experimental treatments. However, CCH and Fe-Lact diets generally had the lowest weights for carcasses. For the other carcass related constituents, there were no differences found in dressing percentage, portion size, composition, colour, pH or proximate analysis between treatments. Differences were found between CC treatments and control diets for sodium and zinc of the breast meat. There were no differences between treatments for organ weights. No differences were found between treatments for heart, liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius, and spleen to bursa of Fabricius ratio. The same was true for the pH of different sections of the small intestine. The CCH diet was found to have a higher gizzard weight expressed as a percentage of body weight; however, it did not differ from the FeSO4 control diet. Some significant differences between treatments were found for ash, calcium, phosphorous, and potassium percentages as well as the calcium to phosphorous ratio of the bone, the results were higher than reported in similar studies. For iron bioavailability, no significant differences were found between the CC-treatments compared to the control diets for increasing iron levels in the blood over time, although retention of iron in the liver was significantly higher for FeSO4 compared to the other treatments. In conclusion, CC larvae meal can be used for the production of broiler chickens and may hold some advantages over the current commercial protein and iron sources available. The current study showed that a C. chloropyga larvae meal inclusion of 13% in the grower diet and 9.8% in the finisher diet supplies adequate iron for high production broilers and shows signs of improved iron utilisation compared to iron salts. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Mineraalvoeding is tans ‘n fokuspunt van navorsingsprojekte omdat dit ‘n belangrike deel van dierevoeding wat beide die gesondheid en welstand van diere beïnvloed. Yster is ‘n noodsaaklike mikro-mineraal wat ‘n belangrike rol speel in, onder andere, die vervoer van suurstof in die bloed en energie metabolisme in die liggaam. Daar is alternatiewe in die mark beskikbaar, soos yster-chelate en yster-proteïen komplekse, wat as plaasvervanger vir yster soute soos yster sulfaat gebruik kan word. Die noodsaaklikheid vir ‘n alternatiewe yster bron het sy oorsprong in die hoë toksisiteit en lae biobeskikbaarheid van yster soute. Tans is proteïen bronne die duurste komponent van voeding in kommersiële diere produksie stelsels. Dit is nie net duur in terme van koste nie, maar ook in terme van volhoubaarheid, dus is daar ‘n konstante soektog na alternatiewe proteïen bronne wat volhoubaar en koste effektief is. As genoegsame beskikbare yster in die dieet ingewerk kan word as deel van ander rou materiaal, bv. Chrysomya chloropyga (Koperstertskaapbrommer) larwe meel (CC) as proteïen bron, is dit moontlik dat die noodsaaklikheid van yster aanvullings verminder of selfs uitgeskakel kan word. Die doelwit van die studie was om vas te stel of CC larwe meel gebruik kan word as ‘n alternatiewe yster en proteïen bron in die produksie van braaikuikens. Die studie het drie verskillende insluitings vlakke (CCL; groei rantsoen – 11%, afrondings rantsoen – 6.5%, CCM; groei rantsoen – 13%, afrondings rantsoen – 9.8%, CCH; groei rantsoen – 15%, afrondings rantsoen – 13%) van CC larwe meel vergelyk met twee kontrole behandelings wat sojameel as ‘n proteïen bron bevat het en óf yster sulfaat (FeSO4) óf yster laktaat (Fe-Lact) as ‘n yster bron bevat het. Die eksperimentele behandelings het goeie resultate gewys vir produksie parameters. Die CCM behandeling het die hoogste lewendige massas gehad asook die laagste inname en die laagste voer omskakelings verhouding. Die eksperimentele behandelings het verder geen verskille tussen behandelinge in die resultate gewys nie, maar die CCH en Fe-Lact behandelings het oor die algemeen swakker gevaar. Daar was geen verskille gevind vir die karkas eienskappe, behalwe vir die sink en natrium inhoud van die bors vleis nie. Die studie kon geen verskille vind tussen behandelinge vir die orgaan gewigte of die pH van die derm nie. Die CCH dieet het die hoogste spiermaag gewig gehad, as ‘n persentasie van liggaamsgewig maar dit was nie betekenisvol verskillend in vergelyking met die FeSO4 behandeling nie. Daar was verskille gevind vir die as, kalsium, fosfaat, kalium en die kalsium tot fosfaat verhouding van die been. Hierdie resultate was oor die algemeen hoër as in vorige, soortgelyke studies. Die biobeskikbaarheid van die yster het geen verskille aangedui vir die verandering in bloed yster vlakke oor tyd nie, maar die yster vlakke in die lewer was wel beduidend hoër in die FeSO4 kontrole behandeling in vergelyking met die res van die behandelings. Oor die algemeen kan CC larwe meel effektief gebruik word in die produksie van braaikuikers en hou moontlik voordele in wanneer dit vergelyk word met tradisionele proteïen bronne. Die huidige studie wys dat die gebruik van hierdie larwe meel teen insluitings vlakke van 13% in die groei fase en 9.8% in die finale fase selfs moontlike voordele kan inhou. Hierdie insluitingspeil verskaf genoegsame yster vir die groei en ontwikkeling van hoë produserende braaikuikens. Daar is ook ‘n indikasie dat die yster in larwe meel meer effektief deur die dier gebruik word in vergelyking met yster soute. Masters 2019-11-27T06:21:22Z 2019-12-11T06:39:54Z 2023-01-04T03:00:12Z 2019-12 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/106945 en_ZA Stellenbosch University xi, 95 pages : illustrations application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Broilers (Chickens) -- Breeding Broilers (Chickens) -- Nutrition Broilers (Chickens) -- Feeding and feeds Proteins in animal nutrition Chrysomya chloropyga Larvae meal UCTD Van Aswegen, Mari An evaluation of Chrysomya chloropyga larvae meal as an iron and protein source when fed to broiler chickens |
| title | An evaluation of Chrysomya chloropyga larvae meal as an iron and protein source when fed to broiler chickens |
| title_full | An evaluation of Chrysomya chloropyga larvae meal as an iron and protein source when fed to broiler chickens |
| title_fullStr | An evaluation of Chrysomya chloropyga larvae meal as an iron and protein source when fed to broiler chickens |
| title_full_unstemmed | An evaluation of Chrysomya chloropyga larvae meal as an iron and protein source when fed to broiler chickens |
| title_short | An evaluation of Chrysomya chloropyga larvae meal as an iron and protein source when fed to broiler chickens |
| title_sort | evaluation of chrysomya chloropyga larvae meal as an iron and protein source when fed to broiler chickens |
| topic | Broilers (Chickens) -- Breeding Broilers (Chickens) -- Nutrition Broilers (Chickens) -- Feeding and feeds Proteins in animal nutrition Chrysomya chloropyga Larvae meal UCTD |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/106945 |
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