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Real losses from drinking water networks operated by gated communities
Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2020.
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| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | en_ZA |
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2020
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| _version_ | 1867613768153825280 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Brown, Matt |
| author2 | Jacobs, Heinz Erasmus |
| author_browse | Brown, Matt Jacobs, Heinz Erasmus |
| author_facet | Jacobs, Heinz Erasmus Brown, Matt |
| author_sort | Brown, Matt |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2020. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/109339 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | en_ZA |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:41:23.238Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publishDateRange | 2020 |
| publishDateSort | 2020 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/109339 Real losses from drinking water networks operated by gated communities Brown, Matt Jacobs, Heinz Erasmus Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Engineering. Dept. of Civil Engineering. UCTD Water leakage -- Management Leaks, Water Monitoring of water-pipes Gated communities -- Water supply Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2020. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The International Water Association (IWA) has provided a standardised approach to better understand and manage water leakage and losses. Prior studies have focused predominately on quantifying the extent of water loss within municipal water networks, while neglecting relatively smaller systems operated by gated communities (GCs). Normal distribution systems are held responsible by municipal authorities as opposed to smaller, well maintained and self-managed infrastructures in GCs. The provision of added security and lifestyle improvements has seen a gradual rise in the number of GCs as more people feel the urge to relocate from freestanding properties. As part of this research, real losses in the distribution systems of three selected GCs were analysed with a focus on the minimum night flow (MNF). The first challenge was to gain access to an existing remote sensing platform, because it was beyond the scope of this research to install meters and/or a metering system. After identifying relevant collaborators, the databases had to be scrutinised in order to identify and isolate flow rates of selected GCs, with data at a sufficient resolution and a sufficiently long time series to enable analysis of night flows. Bulk meter flow rates for three suitable GCs were extracted over a 12 month time frame from a total database in excess of 35040 daily readings, linked to an existing remote sensing system. The collected data had regular intervals of 15 minutes recorded between 1 October 2018 and 30 September 2019. The ultimate data set, used for the analyses, comprised 34 944 flow rate recordings for each of the three GCs. The implementation of a stringent categorisation, selection and verification process resulted in the consolidation of a feasible data record catalogue. Research found that GC A had a current annual real loss (CARL) of 8.30 kL/d, or 21 % of the average daily consumption. The unavoidable annual real loss (UARL) component varied between 4.32 and 7.19 kL/d for the assumed average operating pressure. GC B reported a comparable CARL of 7.89 kL/d, representative of a 15 % loss. A UARL range between 4.83 and 8.06 kL/d was recorded for GC B. Lastly; GC C held a relatively higher CARL of 52 % in accordance with a 14.36 kL/d real loss. Values representative of the UARL in GC C were 6.36 to 10.60 kL/d. Research concluded that all GCs had a relatively low loss in relation to the UARL, with infrastructure leakage values. The infrastructure leakage index values for all three sites were exceptionally low for typical South African conditions. This is possibly due to better water distribution system operation and management in GCs than evident elsewhere. The research highlights several discrepancies, suggesting potential adjustments to water loss approximations for GCs, while establishing recommendations for future research. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die International Water Association (IWA) het 'n gestandaardiseerde benadering om waterlekkasie en -verlies beter te verstaan en bestuur. Vorige studies het hoofsaaklik op die kwantifisering van die omvang van waterverlies binne munisipale waternetwerke gefokus, terwyl relatief kleiner stelsels wat deur omheinde gemeenskappe (OGe) bedryf word geignoreer was. Normale verspreidingstelsels word deur munisipale owerhede verantwoordelik gehou in plaas van kleiner, goed onderhoude en selfbestuurde infrastrukture in OGe. Die ekstra veiligheid en verbetering wan lewenstyl wat OGe aanbied het gelei tot die geleidelike toename in die aantal OGe was bestaan omdat meer mense die drang voel om van losstaande eiendomme te verhuis.As deel van hierdie studie is reële verliese in die verspreidingstelsels van drie geselekteerde OGe geanaliseer met ̳n fokus op die minimum nagvloei (MNV). Die eerste uitdaging was om toegang tot 'n bestaande afstandswaarnemingsplatform te kry, omdat dit buite die bestek van hierdie studie was om meters en / of 'n meetstelsel te installeer. Na die identifisering van relevante medewerkers, moes die databasisse ondersoek word om vloeitempo's van geselekteerde OGe te identifiseer en te isoleer - met data wat 'n voldoende resolusie en 'n lang genoeg tydreeks het om ontleding van nagvloei moontlik te maak. Die grootmaatmeters se vloeitempo's vir drie geskikte OGe is gedurende 'n keuringsperiode van 12 maande onttrek uit 'n totale databasis van meer as 840 960 lesings wat gekoppel is aan 'n bestaande afstandswaarnemingstelsel. Die versamelde data het tussen 1 Oktober 2018 en 30 September 2019 gereeld tussenposes van 15 minute aangeteken. Die datastel wat vir die ontledings op die einde gebruik was het bestaan van 34 944 vloeitempo-opnames vir elk van die drie OGe. Die implementering van 'n streng kategoriserings-, seleksie- en verifikasieproses het gelei tot die konsolidasie van 'n uitvoerbare datarekordkatalogus. Die studie het bevind dat OG A 'n huidige jaarlikse reële verlies (HJRV) van 8.30 kL / d het, of 21% van die gemiddelde daaglikse verbruik. Die onvermydelike jaarlikse reële verlies (OJRV) gedeelte het vir die veronderstelde gemiddelde bedryfsdruk tussen 4,32 kL/d en 7,19 kL / d gewissel. GC B het 'n vergelykbare HJRV van ongeveer 7,89 kL / d gerapporteer, verteenwoordigend van 'n verlies van 15%. 'n UARL-reeks tussen 4,83 en 8,06 kL / d is aangeteken vir GC B. Laastens het GC C 'n relatief hoër HJRV van 52% gehou volgens 'n koers van 14,36 kL / d. Waardes wat die UARL verteenwoordig, is gemeet op 6,36 tot 10,60kL / d. Masters 2020-11-30T10:06:16Z 2021-01-31T19:45:26Z 2020-11-30T10:06:16Z 2021-01-31T19:45:26Z 2020-12 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/109339 en_ZA Stellenbosch University 100 pages application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | UCTD Water leakage -- Management Leaks, Water Monitoring of water-pipes Gated communities -- Water supply Brown, Matt Real losses from drinking water networks operated by gated communities |
| title | Real losses from drinking water networks operated by gated communities |
| title_full | Real losses from drinking water networks operated by gated communities |
| title_fullStr | Real losses from drinking water networks operated by gated communities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Real losses from drinking water networks operated by gated communities |
| title_short | Real losses from drinking water networks operated by gated communities |
| title_sort | real losses from drinking water networks operated by gated communities |
| topic | UCTD Water leakage -- Management Leaks, Water Monitoring of water-pipes Gated communities -- Water supply |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/109339 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT brownmatt reallossesfromdrinkingwaternetworksoperatedbygatedcommunities |