Full Text Available
Note: Clicking the button above will open the full text document at the original institutional repository in a new window.
Investigating the role of Brettanomyces and Dekkera during winemaking
Thesis (PhD (Genetics. Plant Biotechnology))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Other Authors: | |
| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2008
|
| Subjects: | |
| Tags: |
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1867613898896572416 |
|---|---|
| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Oelofse, Adriaan |
| author2 | Du Toit, M. |
| author_browse | Du Toit, M. Oelofse, Adriaan |
| author_facet | Du Toit, M. Oelofse, Adriaan |
| author_sort | Oelofse, Adriaan |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (PhD (Genetics. Plant Biotechnology))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/1239 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:43:27.297Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateRange | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/1239 Investigating the role of Brettanomyces and Dekkera during winemaking Oelofse, Adriaan Du Toit, M. Pretorius, I. S. Lonvaud-Funel, A. Stellenbosch University. Faculty of AgriSciences. Dept. of Genetics. Institute for Plant Biotechnology . Brettanomyces Wine spoilage Volatile phenols Wine and wine making Wine microbiology Dekkera Yeast Dissertations -- Plant biotechnology Theses -- Plant biotechnology Thesis (PhD (Genetics. Plant Biotechnology))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. Wine quality is greatly influenced by the number of microorganisms, which occur throughout the winemaking process. These microorganisms are naturally present on the grapes and in the cellar from where they can be introduced to the winemaking process at any given time and consequently impart specific contributions to the wine quality. However, these microorganisms can be seen either as beneficial or as wine spoilage microorganisms, depending on the conditions under which they can proliferate during the winemaking process. Wine yeasts (Saccharomyces spp.) are typically responsible for the alcoholic fermentation; lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are responsible for malolactic fermentation (MLF), while acetic acid bacteria (AAB) and other wild yeasts (non-Saccharomyces spp.) are typically associated with the formation of off-flavours under poorly controlled winemaking conditions. In recent years, evidence from the wine industry has highlighted a specific group of non-Saccharomyces yeast species as a serious cause for wine spoilage that required more research investigations. Yeast of the genus Brettanomyces or its teleomorph Dekkera has been identified as one of the most controversial spoilage microorganisms during winemaking as they can produce several compounds that are detrimental to the organoleptic quality of wine. This has triggered the research initiative behind this doctoral study on the significance of Brettanomyces and Dekkera yeasts during winemaking. In this dissertation, various aspects of the detection, isolation and identification methods of Brettanomyces yeast from the winemaking environment were investigated. As a first objective, a culture collection of Brettanomyces bruxellensis wine isolates had to be established. This followed after the isolation of Brettanomyces yeasts from various red wine cultivars from South African wineries from different stages of the winemaking process. Different conventional microbiological methods such as plating on selective agar media and microscopy were investigated along with molecular identification techniques such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in this regard. Other focus areas of this study aimed at performing genetic characterisation and differentiation studies of B. bruxellensis wine isolates. For this purpose, different intraspecific identification methods were investigated on several strains, including strains of European origin. The application of molecular techniques allowing strain identification aided in the selection of specific strains that were evaluated for volatile phenol production in synthetic media and wine. The results obtained from this work indicated that a large degree of genetic diversity exists among B. bruxellensis strains and that the volatile phenol production differed between the strains after evaluation in synthetic media and wine. In addition to the molecular intraspecific strain identification techniques that were investigated, a feasibility study was also performed that focused on evaluating Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics as an alternative approach for differentiating between B. bruxellensis strains. The two approaches of FTIR spectroscopy that were investigated involved the use of firstly, Fourier transform mid-infrared (FTMIR) spectroscopy to obtain spectral fingerprints of spoiled wines by different B. bruxellensis strains; and secondly, Attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) to obtain spectral fingerprints from whole cells of B. bruxellensis on microbiological agar media. The results of this study illustrated the potential of FTIR spectroscopy to become a reliable alternative to molecular based methods for differentiating between B. bruxellensis strains and for characterisation studies. The formation of volatile phenols in wine by species of the genera Brettanomyces and Dekkera is one of the primary reasons for their classification as wine spoilage yeasts. The enzymatic activities of this reaction have been identified and involve a phenyl acrylic (phenolic) acid decarboxylase (PAD) and a vinyl phenol reductase (VPR). However, only a limited amount of information is available about these enzymes from Brettanomyces/Dekkera yeasts and no genetic data have been described. It was therefore imperative that this dissertation should include a genetic investigation into the phenylacrylic (hydroxycinnamic) acid decarboxylase from the species B. bruxellensis involved in the formation of volatile phenols. Strategies that were investigated included various molecular DNA techniques and protein purification procedures to obtain either genetic or protein sequence data. The decarboxylase activity of this yeast species towards p-coumaric acid was demonstrated and substantial genetic sequence data was obtained. The results from this dissertation made a substantial contribution to the current available knowledge about Brettanomyces/Dekkera spp. and led to a better understanding of this wine spoilage yeast. This research developed a platform from which further investigations could follow and the knowledge gained will be invaluable for future Brettanomyces research projects at the Institute for Wine Biotechnology at Stellenbosch University. Doctoral 2008-11-25T13:12:29Z 2010-06-01T08:16:13Z 2008-11-25T13:12:29Z 2010-06-01T08:16:13Z 2008-12 Thesis http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1239 en Stellenbosch University application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Brettanomyces Wine spoilage Volatile phenols Wine and wine making Wine microbiology Dekkera Yeast Dissertations -- Plant biotechnology Theses -- Plant biotechnology Oelofse, Adriaan Investigating the role of Brettanomyces and Dekkera during winemaking |
| title | Investigating the role of Brettanomyces and Dekkera during winemaking |
| title_full | Investigating the role of Brettanomyces and Dekkera during winemaking |
| title_fullStr | Investigating the role of Brettanomyces and Dekkera during winemaking |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigating the role of Brettanomyces and Dekkera during winemaking |
| title_short | Investigating the role of Brettanomyces and Dekkera during winemaking |
| title_sort | investigating the role of brettanomyces and dekkera during winemaking |
| topic | Brettanomyces Wine spoilage Volatile phenols Wine and wine making Wine microbiology Dekkera Yeast Dissertations -- Plant biotechnology Theses -- Plant biotechnology |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1239 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT oelofseadriaan investigatingtheroleofbrettanomycesanddekkeraduringwinemaking |