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Placement events in the bilingual mind : the verbal and gestural expression of placement by Afrikaans-English bilinguals
Thesis (DPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2025.
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Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University
2025
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| _version_ | 1867613910547300352 |
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| access_status_str | Open Access |
| author | Gultzow, Runa Simone |
| author2 | Bylund, Emanuel |
| author_browse | Bylund, Emanuel Gultzow, Runa Simone |
| author_facet | Bylund, Emanuel Gultzow, Runa Simone |
| author_sort | Gultzow, Runa Simone |
| collection | Thesis |
| dc_rights_str_mv | Stellenbosch University |
| description | Thesis (DPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2025. |
| format | Thesis |
| id | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/132206 |
| institution | Stellenbosch University (South Africa) |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-10T12:43:39.397Z |
| license_str | Other — see source repository |
| provenance_str_mv | Harvested via OAI-PMH from SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publishDateRange | 2025 |
| publishDateSort | 2025 |
| publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| publisherStr | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| record_format | dspace |
| source_str | SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository |
| spelling | oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/132206 Placement events in the bilingual mind : the verbal and gestural expression of placement by Afrikaans-English bilinguals Gultzow, Runa Simone Bylund, Emanuel Gullberg, Marianne Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of General Linguistics. Bilingualism -- Psychological aspects Speech and gesture Motion in language Language and languages -- Study and teaching -- South Africa Psycholinguistics -- Research UCTD Thesis (DPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2025. Gultzow, R. S. 2025. Placement events in the bilingual mind: The verbal and gestural expression of placement by Afrikaans-English bilinguals. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University [online]. Available: https://scholar.sun.ac.za/items/6b6f80db-b27b-496e-a92d-d44909a5a324 ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A fundamental question in studying human language is how our thoughts influence language. As such, this question raises important questions concerning first (L1) and second (L2) language acquisition. In recent years, in the field of second language acquisition (SLA) and bilingualism an extensive body of research has begun to look at language acquisition not just in speech, but also in accompanying gestures, as speech and gestures are seen as a unit and complement each other (Kendon, 2000; McNeill 1992). At times, both speech and gesture can represent the same things, but in other cases, gestures made while speaking convey ideas that are only in the speaker's mind and not expressed verbally. This dissertation looks into co-speech gesture alignment crosslinguistically using bilingual speakers of Afrikaans and English. The Afrikaans language is underrepresented in the literature, as are highly multilingual diverse settings such as South Africa. There is limited information available regarding thinking-for-speaking (TFS) patterns in speech and gesture in Afrikaans and South African English. The studies presented in this dissertation use the domain of placement events to focus on the TFS patterns in speech and gesture in three different language groups: L1 speakers, L2 speakers (beginner and intermediate) and simultaneous bilinguals. Data were elicited using an established set of short video clips showing various placement and removal events, which participants described. These data were supplemented by self-rated proficiency levels and a language background questionnaire. The findings show distinct intratypological TFS patterns in Afrikaans and English in speech and gesture. L1 patterns showed that Afrikaans and English have different TFS patterns regarding the expression of placement events; Afrikaans speakers encode the end location of the figure object, whereas English speakers tend to focus on manner. Within the L2 speaker group, proficiency levels influenced L2 TFS - the influence decreased with increased proficiency levels in both speech and gesture. Evidence of target-like L2 speech, but gestural L1 patterns were found in the L2 intermediate language group. Finally, the simultaneous bilingual group showed evidence of convergence, as well as language-specific TFS patterns in speech and gesture. The results offer a nuanced understanding of bilingual language acquisition and usage in the South African context for L1-L2 development by analysing both speech and gesture. These results have implications in relation to our knowledge about language-specific conceptualization, other multilingual environments and relevancy in the fields of cognitive linguistics, applied linguistics, and second language acquisition as well as broader implications for bilingualism and language teaching. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: ʼn Grondliggende vraag in die studie van menslike taal is hoe taal deur ons gedagtes beïnvloed word. As sodanig bring hierdie vraag belangrike vrae oor die aanleer van eerste (T1) en tweede (T2) taal te berde. ʼn Omvattende navorsingskorpus op die gebied van tweedetaalwerwing (TTW) en tweetaligheid het onlangs begin kyk na taalwerwing nie slegs in spraak nie, maar ook in die meegaande gebare, aangesien spraak en gebare as ʼn eenheid beskou word en mekaar aanvul (Kendon 2000; McNeill 1992). Met tye kan spraak en gebaar dieselfde goed verteenwoordig, maar in ander gevalle kan die gebare wat tydens spraak gebruik word, idees oordra wat slegs in die spreker se gedagtes bestaan en nie verbaal uitgedruk word nie. Hierdie proefskrif ondersoek die kruislinguistiese belyning van tweetaligesprekers van Afrikaans en Engels. Die Afrikaans se taal is onderverteenwoordig in die literatuur, net soos hoogs veeltalige diverse omgewings soos Suid-Afrika. Daar is min inligting beskikbaar oor die dink-vir-praat-patrone (DVP-) in spraak en gebare in Afrikaans en Suid-Afrikaanse Engels. Die studies wat in hierdie proefskrif aangebied word, gebruik die domein van plasingsvoorvalle om op die DVP-patrone in spraak en gebare in drie verskillende taalgroepe te fokus: T1-sprekers, T2-sprekers (beginner en intermediêr) en gelyktydig tweetaliges. Data is ontlok met behulp van ‘n gevestigde stel kort video-opnames wat verskillende plasings en verwyderings aantoon en deur deelnemers beskryf word. Hierdie data is aangevul deur selfgeëvalueerde vlotheidsvlakke en ʼn vraelys oor taalagtergrond. Die bevindings toon duidelike intratipologiese DVP-patrone in spraak en gebare in Afrikaans en Engels. T1-patrone het getoon dat Afrikaans en Engels verskillende DVPpatrone ten opsigte van die uitdrukking van plasingsvoorvalle het; Afrikaanssprekendes enkodeer die eindligging van die figuurvoorwerp, terwyl Engelssprekendes geneig is om op die wyse te fokus. Binne die T2-groep het vlotheidsvlakke die T2 DVP beïnvloed – die invloed het afgeneem met verhoogde vlotheidsvlakke in beide spraak en gebare. Bewyse van teikenagtige T2-spraak, maar T1-patrone vir gebare, is in die T2- intermediêre taalgroep gevind. Laastens het die gelyktydig tweetalige groep aanduidings van konvergensie, asook taalspesifiek DVP-patrone in spraak en gebare getoon. Die resultate bied ʼn dieper begrip van taalwerwing en -gebruik in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks vir tweetaliges-ontwikkeling deur die ontleding van spraak en gebare. Hierdie resultate dra by tot ons kennis oor taalspesifieke konseptualiserings, ander veeltalige omgewings en is tersaaklik op die gebied van kognitiewe linguistiek, toegepaste linguistiek en tweedetaalwerwing, met breër implikasies vir tweetaligheid en taalonderwys. Doctoral 2025-05-29T12:59:08Z 2025-05-29T12:59:08Z 2025-03 Thesis https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/132206 en Stellenbosch University 311 pages : illustrations, includes annexures application/pdf Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| spellingShingle | Bilingualism -- Psychological aspects Speech and gesture Motion in language Language and languages -- Study and teaching -- South Africa Psycholinguistics -- Research UCTD Gultzow, Runa Simone Placement events in the bilingual mind : the verbal and gestural expression of placement by Afrikaans-English bilinguals |
| title | Placement events in the bilingual mind : the verbal and gestural expression of placement by Afrikaans-English bilinguals |
| title_full | Placement events in the bilingual mind : the verbal and gestural expression of placement by Afrikaans-English bilinguals |
| title_fullStr | Placement events in the bilingual mind : the verbal and gestural expression of placement by Afrikaans-English bilinguals |
| title_full_unstemmed | Placement events in the bilingual mind : the verbal and gestural expression of placement by Afrikaans-English bilinguals |
| title_short | Placement events in the bilingual mind : the verbal and gestural expression of placement by Afrikaans-English bilinguals |
| title_sort | placement events in the bilingual mind the verbal and gestural expression of placement by afrikaans english bilinguals |
| topic | Bilingualism -- Psychological aspects Speech and gesture Motion in language Language and languages -- Study and teaching -- South Africa Psycholinguistics -- Research UCTD |
| url | https://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/132206 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gultzowrunasimone placementeventsinthebilingualmindtheverbalandgesturalexpressionofplacementbyafrikaansenglishbilinguals |